Additional file 2: Table of Excluded Studies. Results Twelve randomized trials with patients were included. Conclusions In the most comprehensive meta-analysis to date, PO was shown to be a safe and effective therapy for pain and global symptoms in adults with IBS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article Study selection and data extractions The titles and abstracts of the studies were carefully reviewed by two of the authors GM, NA independently to include RCTs that evaluated the influence of enteric-coated PO on IBS, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria Table 1.
Table 1 Selection criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Criteria Inclusion 1. Exclusion 1. Patients having organic disease or or did not have organic disease excluded. Studies with inadequate data. Open in a separate window. Results Study selection A literature search conducted from inception to April 11, , identified studies.
Study characteristics The included studies were published over five decades, from to Table 2 Characteristics of Included Studies. Risk of bias assessment Incomplete outcome data was the most concerning problem observed in the included studies Fig.
Meta-analysis Seven studies reported treatment outcomes for the global improvement of IBS symptoms [ 20 , 22 , 31 , 33 — 35 , 37 ] Fig. Table 3 Summary of Findings. Peppermint Oil vs. Placebo for the Treatment of IBS. Discussion In this systematic review, we assessed the largest cohort of RCTs published over five decades involving twelve randomized clinical trials with IBS patients from around the world.
Conclusions Enteric-coated peppermint oil is a safe and effective therapy for the relief of abdominal pain and global symptoms and in adults with IBS.
Additional file 2: K, pdf Table of Excluded Studies. Acknowledgments Not applicable. Funding Not applicable. Notes Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests Dr. Contributor Information N. References 1. What is new in Rome IV.
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Irritable bowel syndrome: contemporary nutrition management strategies. Effect of fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. The actions of peppermint oil and menthol on calcium channel dependent processes in intestinal, neuronal and cardiac preparations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. The efficacy of Mentha arvensis L. Int J Food Microbiol.
A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea Mentha piperita L. Phytother Res. Grigoleit HG, Grigoleit P. Gastrointestinal clinical pharmacology of peppermint oil. Ford AC. Effect of fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis vol , a, Br Med J.
Pittler MH, Ernst E. Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome: a critical review and metaanalysis. Am J Gastroenterol. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Mann N, Sandhu K. Peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome: evaluation of cases with qualitative meta-analysis. Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
Peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic evaluation of cases with meta-analysis. Int Med J. Peppermint oil for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Clin Gastroenterol. Treating irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. Meta-analysis: the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. A novel delivery system of peppermint oil is an effective therapy for irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. Dig Dis Sci. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. Capsules containing peppermint oil are often enteric-coated to reduce the likelihood of heartburn.
If enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules are taken at the same time as antacids, the coating can break down too quickly. Side effects of applying peppermint oil to the skin can include skin rashes and irritation. Peppermint oil should not be applied to the face of infants or young children because serious side effects may occur if they inhale the menthol in the oil.
Peppermint tea, which is made from peppermint leaves, appears to be safe. However, the long-term safety of consuming large amounts of peppermint leaf is unknown. Keep in Mind. Take charge of your health—talk with your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. Together, you can make shared, well-informed decisions. For More Information. Toll-free in the U. Office of Dietary Supplements ODS , National Institutes of Health NIH ODS seeks to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, supporting research, sharing research results, and educating the public.
Key References. The impact of peppermint oil on the irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of the pooled clinical data. Herbal medicines for gastrointestinal disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Review article: the physiological effects and safety of peppermint oil and its efficacy in irritable bowel syndrome and other functional disorders.
In conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome , the muscle contractions can occur too often or become painful. This causes symptoms such as pain and bloating. Smooth muscle relaxants like peppermint oil work on the muscles in the bowel to cause them to relax. This helps to relieve the pain and discomfort. You can buy peppermint oil capsules 'over the counter' for the management of conditions like irritable bowel syndrome. They can be bought without a prescription at pharmacies and other retail outlets.
To make sure that this is the right treatment for you, it is important that you speak with a doctor or pharmacist before you start taking peppermint oil capsules if:. Along with their useful effects, most medicines can cause unwanted side-effects although not everyone experiences them.
The table below contains some of the ones associated with peppermint oil capsules. The best place to find a full list of the side-effects which can be associated with your medicine, is from the manufacturer's printed information leaflet supplied with the medicine.
Alternatively, you can find an example of a manufacturer's information leaflet in the reference section below. Speak with your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following continue or become troublesome.
Very occasionally people can have an allergic reaction to peppermint oil. But as with any herb, peppermint oil may cause side effects in some people as this medicine can affect people in different ways. Since most studies of peppermint oil typically last less than eight weeks, the long-term safety of the medicine has not yet been evaluated. Although rare, peppermint oil may cause an allergic reaction in some people, and symptoms such as:.
It is important to note that drinking alcohol may increase the risk of an allergic reaction that may cause a rash, loss of coordination, and shaking.
If this happens, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible. Peppermint oil relaxes the muscles between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, and worsen symptoms in people with gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD.
GERD is a long-term condition in which acid from the stomach moves up into the esophagus. It is best to consult a doctor before taking peppermint oil if you are or have previously experienced GERD.
Peppermint does not interact with most drugs. But you may wish to avoid taking peppermint oil at the same time as antacids — a type of indigestion medication. Antacids dissolve the outer coating of the peppermint oil capsule and may cause heartburn and nausea. You should take antacids at least two hours after peppermint oil capsules to avoid any interactions. Peppermint oil may also boost the blood level of some medications.
These include the antidepressant amitriptyline Elavil and the statin simvastatin Zocor. It is therefore best to consult your doctor to ensure it is safe for you to take peppermint oil.
Not everyone with IBS finds that peppermint oil will improve symptoms. Some people may respond better to other types of antispasmodic medication. It is best to consult a doctor or pharmacist regarding alternative medicines if peppermint oil does not improve symptoms.
Besides improving symptoms of IBS, peppermint oil has been used clinically to treat a variety of health conditions such as:. If you are suffering from IBS and concerned about the side effects of peppermint oil, there are several alternative treatment options. Since IBS is aggravated by stress and anxiety , lifestyle changes and psychological therapies may be of value such as:. This form of therapy has been shown to be highly effective in several recent clinical studies.
In one study, participants who practiced yoga three times per week reported less severe symptoms and reduced anxiety. The diet removes common foods that trigger IBS symptoms and has been shown effective in several clinical studies.
Peppermint oil is an essential oil that is useful for IBS. It produces fewer side effects than other antispasmodic medications and in capsule form, peppermint oil relieves abdominal pain by soothing the nerves of the gut and reducing inflammation. It is generally a safe and well-tolerated medicine. However, in rare cases, peppermint oil may cause heartburn or an allergic reaction.
Mindset Health only uses high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed research, to support our articles. We work with experts to ensure our content is helpful, accurate and trustworthy. Spirling, L. Botanical perspectives on health peppermint: more than just an after-dinner mint. The journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 1 , pp. Morton, C.
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